What is Mitosis?
A single cell divides into two identical or the same daughter cells during the mitotic process. In eukaryotic cells, which are cells with a genuine nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, this kind of cell division takes place. The process of mitosis is crucial to the growth and development of organisms as well as to the repairing and maintaining of tissues.
During mitosis, the DNA in the nucleus of the cell is replicated, and the resulting two copies of the genome are then separated and distributed into the two daughter cells. The process of mitosis can be divided into several stages:
- Interphase: During this stage, the cell grows and prepares for cell division. The DNA is replicated, and the cell grows in size.
- Prophase: the initial phase of mitosis, during which the visible chromosomes formed from the nucleus’ chromatin (uncoiled DNA) condense. The nuclear envelope breaks down, and the centrosomes, which are involved in the formation of the mitotic spindle, move to opposite poles of the cell.
- Metaphase: The second stage of mitosis, during which the cell’s chromosomes align in its centre. Microtubules that make up the mitotic spindle start to develop and cling to the chromosomes.
- Anaphase: It is the third stage of mitosis, during which the mitotic spindle separates the chromosomes and pulls them to the opposite poles of the cell.
- Telophase: The final phase of mitosis, during which the cell divides into two daughter cells, and two new nuclei arise.
Mitosis is a vital process that is essential for the growth and development of organisms. It is also important for the repair and maintenance of tissues in the body.